Theoretical Investigation of Photoacoustics From Cancer Cells: Modified Models

Abstract

Photoacoustic (PA) technology has wide applications in cell study. However, photoacoustics from cancer cells lacks adequate understanding. Here, we establish two modified models for theoretical investigation of photoacoustics from cancer cells. The first model is based on endogenous absorbers of cancer cells, which can be measured by label-free PA microscopy. Different from previous studies about PA for cancer cells that are limited to melanoma cells, our model considers general cancer cells. Further, the feasibility of cancer cell cycle analysis via PA spectrum analysis is demonstrated. The second model is based on exogenous absorbers, e.g., nanoparticles (NPs), in cancer cells. The interactions between NPs and cells in PA signal generation are considered. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, refractive index, cellular uptake of NPs, NPs size heterogeneity and cell size are modeled to evaluate the contribution of each factor to the change of PA signal amplitudes, which is valuable to guide experiments for cancer cell identification by utilizing different PA signal amplitudes between normal cells and cancer cells. In conclusion, our study comprehensively investigates photoacoustics from cancer cells, which lays theoretical groundwork for future research on PA techniques for cancer cells and is expected to be useful for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.