Abstract
The microscopic theory of the Josephson effect in tunnel structures with electrodes having spatially inhomogeneous superconducting properties is formulated. Two mechanisms of inhomogeneity are considered. The first is associated with the presence of a thin transition normal layer located near the tunnel barrier, which is relevant for junctions based on refractory superconductors. The second case is the trapping of Abrikosov vortices by junction electrodes. The tunnel current components are calculated numerically in the whole temperature range 0<T<T c and magnetic field range 0<H<H c2. It is shown that the tunnel current is extremely sensitive to the type of smearing of the singularities of the classical tunnel theory ateV=2Δ. The results allow experimental determination of the characteristics of real tunnel junctions.
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