Theoretical investigation of impedance matching in the process of sum-frequency generation in an external resonator

Abstract

The sum-frequency conversion efficiency is directly proportional to the product of two fundamental laser powers. Therefore, sum-frequency conversion efficiency is rather low when the fundamental beams pass through a nonlinear crystal only once. External resonant technique as an effective means of improving the powers of the fundamental light has been widely applied to the field of nonlinear frequency conversion. This technique can greatly improve the sum-frequency conversion efficiency and is particularly suitable for the situation in which the input power of the fundamental frequency lasers bas been limited. The implementation of high efficient sum-frequency generation in an external resonator requires that the fundamental frequency laser should be efficiently coupled to the external cavity. Therefore, the system needs to achieve impedance matching. In the part of theoretical analysis, first, we derive the enhancement factor when travelingwave cavity is resonant, and then, establish the theoretical models of doubly resonant and singly resonant sum-frequency generation in an external resonator respectively. The variation of enhancement factors as functions of reflectivity of the input couplers and power of the input fundamental light for doubly resonant and singly resonant sum-frequency systems is derived from Boyd-Kleinman theory in detail based on the theoretical models described in the text. The expressions of enhancement factors reflect the nonlinear correlation characteristics of two fundamental light beams in the process of sum-frequency generation. In the part of numerical simulation, firstly, we draw contour plots of output power as functions of reflectivity of the input couplers at two input frequencies in the doubly resonant sum-frequency system by theoretical simulation, and achieve an optimum reflectivity of the input couplers under the condition of different powers of input fundamental light. Secondly, we draw the contour plots of output power as functions of the reflectivity of the input coupler at the resonant frequency, and the input power of non-resonant frequency light in the singly resonant sum-frequency system by theoretical simulation, and achieve an optimum reflectivity of the input coupler at the resonant frequency. These optimum values enable the system to achieve impedance matching; consequently, the sum-frequency conversion efficiency is improved. Finally, this paper analyzes the influence of input power on the impedance matching, and shows that the optimal coupling mirror reflectivity of the resonant fundamental frequency will decrease with the increase of incident power of the other resonant or non-resonant fundamental frequency laser, otherwise, the resonant incident power of its own has less influence on the optimal coupling mirror reflectivity, whether the system undergoes doubly resonant or singly resonant sum-frequency. In addition, if the coupling mirror reflectivity exceeds the optimum value, the power of sum-frequency light will decrease rapidly, while if it is less than the optimum value, the power of sum-frequency light decreases relatively slowly. Therefore an input coupler that may yield over-coupling should be avoided. These results will have a certain guiding significance to related experiments.