Abstract
Preventing malaria infection through vaccination requires preventing every sporozoite inoculated by mosquito bite: a major challenge for Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium vivax sporozoites consist of tachysporozoites causing primary infection and bradysporozoites leading to relapses. We hypothesise that a candidate P. vivax vaccine with low efficacy against primary infection may substantially reduce transmission by preventing relapses.
Highlights
IFN-Is reduce the activation of T follicular helper (TfH) and germinal centre B (GC-B) cells. This leads to the diminished production of parasite-specific antibodies by plasma cells (PCs), possibly through CD11c+ cDCs, which (c) inhibits T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and/or (d) both IL-10 and interferon g (IFNg) provided by Tr1 cells, which express the transcription factors B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) and T-box transcription factor (Tbet)
Preventing malaria infection through vaccination requires preventing every sporozoite inoculated by mosquito bite: a major challenge for Plasmodium falciparum. [60_TD$IF]Plasmodium vivax sporozoites consist of tachysporozoites causing primary infection and bradysporozoites leading to relapses
Considerable effort has been invested in the development of pre-erythrocytic vaccines for the prevention of P. falciparum infection, with several candidates demonstrating significant efficacy against infection in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies [1]
Summary
(2016) Type I interferons regulate immune responses in humans with bloodstage Plasmodium falciparum infection. (2014) Host-cell sensors for Plasmodium activate innate immunity against liver-stage infection. Theoretical Implications of a Pre-Erythrocytic Plasmodium vivax Vaccine for Preventing Relapses
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