Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions are one of the most useful reactions in organic synthesis. Among all the transition metal complexes developed as catalysts for this reaction those based on Pd are by far the most utilized ones. The most common stoichiometry of this family of catalyst is PdL2 with L = phosphine ligands. The effects of the phosphine ligands on the reaction mechanism evaluated by means of theoretical calculations are reviewed in these lines. How the nature of the phosphine ligand affects each of the elementary processes involved in a cross-coupling reaction, namely oxidative addition, transmetalation and reductive elimination will be exposed separately. The transmetalation process has its own particular mechanistic details depending on the cross-coupling reaction; those for the Suzuki–Miyaura and Stille reactions will be described here. The dichotomy between the monophosphine and bisphosphine reaction pathways will be also discussed.
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