Abstract
Barrier lakes are secondary disasters with associated landslides and debris flow that can cause serious damage to the downstream populations and areas. Existing studies are lacking in comprehensive descriptions of the rescue process, where the main channel streamflow varies and topographic erosion develops, as well as engineering disposal performs. This paper aimed to theoretically investigate the formation and emergency responses to barrier lakes using on-the-spot investigation and calculus theory. The results showed that the formation of a barrier lake led to a sudden variation in the flow-change rate (normal to infinite). However, after implementing emergency measures, this rate returned to normal. The whole rescue process could be regarded as the accumulation of disposal effects. Volume changes in the main streams were expressed by a differential equation of the lake surface area and water level variations. In addition, a corresponding theoretical description of flow discharges was also given when engineering measures such as the excavation of diversion channels and engineering blasting were adopted. Specifically, the theoretical expressions of flow discharge were given respectively in the developing stage and breach stable stage after the excavation of diversion channels. The flow discharge through certain sections was also described theoretically when engineering blasting was chosen to widen and deepen the cross-section of the diversion channels. Overall, this paper mathematicizes and theorizes the existing emergency measures, which helps to better understand their implementation principles and application requirements.
Highlights
Barrier lakes usually form with natural phenomena such as earthquakes, rainfall and snow melting [1]
Barrier dams refer to the above-mentioned loose deposits damming the original river systems [2,3]
We introduce theoretical descriptions of main channel streamflow for when the excavation of a division channel and engineering blasting are chosen to mitigate a barrier lake disaster
Summary
Barrier lakes usually form with natural phenomena such as earthquakes, rainfall and snow melting [1]. Due to their diverse particle size distribution [4], barrier dams are affected by water pressure, seepage pressure, overflow, etc Their overall stability and anti-erosion abilities are both weak, so the existing dams can break at any time. Barrier dams refer to the above-mentioned loose deposits damming the original river systems [2,3] Their overall stability and anti-erosion abilities are both weak, so the exist of 20 ing dams can break at any time. The overtopping process can be described as follows: the water level of the barrier lake gradually rises due to the water storage process
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