Abstract
This paper presents a possible theory for acoustic detection of swimbladder fish in forward scatter. A major application of this theory lies in counting fish in rivers. First, the calculation of the forward scattering cross section of gas-filled fish swimbladders with various shapes is presented. Then useful formulas for fish detection in the forward scatter are derived. It is shown that in a nonturbulent medium the fish moving speed may be calculated from the signal amplitude auto-correlation function, which may also be used to estimate the size of fish if the fish speed can be determined by other means. In a turbulent medium, the signal correlation functions are calculated incorporating both sound scattering from fish and turbulence and it is shown that the scattering from the fish may have distinctive features compared to that from the turbulence. An explicit example shows to what degree the fish is countable. Application to an actual measurement is also briefly discussed.
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