Theoretical calculation of characteristic radiation: multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculations in scandium K α and K β

Abstract

The characteristic x-ray spectra of 3d transition metals are a constant source of advances in atomic physics, x-ray spectrometry, and quantum mechanics. Prior to this work, there was a discrepancy of 0.549 eV between theoretical and experimental results for the scandium Kα 1 peak energy, representing a 55σ discrepancy using the experimental uncertainty. This work improves this to a 0.330 eV discrepancy with only a 4σ error between experiment and theory. Furthermore, we add considerable evidence that asymmetries in x-ray spectra are described by shake events. This work provides ab initio calculations for the diagram and shake-off satellite lines of Sc Kα and Kβ and makes significant improvement on the previous fitting between theory and experiment, from a of 7.35 and 20.85 to 1.60 and 1.45 for Kα and Kβ, respectively. Therefore, we make a strong claim that the asymmetries in scandium x-ray lines exist due to satellite lines with very little room for other hypothesised phenomena to exist, such as Kondo-like interactions and Doniac–Sunjic asymmetries. By fitting to the best experimental data for Sc Kα, β we obtain values for the width and intensity of the satellite lines which enable us to reconstruct the Kα, Kβ profiles.