Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology

Abstract

One of the greatest inventions of human civilization of all time is the global (worldwide) computer network - the Internet. Like most other inventions, the Internet has its good and bad sides. When it comes to the good sides of the Internet, it first and foremost facilitates all forms of communication: Person to Person (P2P); human with the computer and the computer with the computer. With the development of the Internet, new types of communication are emerging: human communication with “smart things”, which, together with human communication with a computer, represents Person to Maschine communication (P2M); communication between “smart things”, which together with computer-to-computer communication and computer communication with “smart things,” make up a new category of communication Maschine to Maschine (M2M). Ordinary objects (things or devices) used to need to be manually activated or programmed. This is no longer the case today, as most of these objects come automated, with pre-built “smart” components that can make their own decisions (without human presence). Internet of Things (IoT) or “Smart Things” are machines, robots, sensors, controls, etc. The aim of this paper is to explain in an understandable way the concept of IoT, its architecture, characteristics, technologies that enable the implementation of the IoT concept in practice, and the areas and security aspects of its application.