Theoretical and numerical investigation of the carreau fluid model during a non-isothermal roll coating process: A comparative study

Abstract

BackgroundThe roll-coating process plays an important role in many industries for its practical applications, such as paint, PVC-coated fabrics and plastic industries. Roll coating is commonly used to put thin coating films over continuous substrates such as foils and papers. There are several roll-to-roll coating methods, including forward and roll over web. However, the reverse roll coating study of the non-Newtonian fluid model is presented in this paper. The constitutive equation for the viscoelastic Carreau fluid model as the non-Newtonian fluid is derived using the momentum and energy equations. To simplify the nonlinear systems of partial differential equations, appropriate non-dimensional parameters are employed to convert them into systems of ordinary differential equations. MethodBy taking the Weissenberg number as a small parameter, a series solution is obtained for considerable quantities like pressure gradient, axial velocity, flow rate, pressure distribution, and temperature distribution using the perturbation method. In contrast, the numeric outcome of some quantities of engineering interest, like flow rate, coating thickness, share stresses, and separation points, are calculated. Streamlines in 2D and 3D are also drawn to observe the flow pattern. To validate the solution, the problem is also solved numerically with the BVP Midrich method. The analysis of the results demonstrates a satisfactory agreement between the analytical and numerical solutions. ResultsThe graphical investigation examines the influence of different fluid parameters on velocity profile, shear stress, pressure profile, temperature profile, and pressure gradient. A comprehensive mechanism behind these outcomes is deliberated. It has been observed that velocity rises on increasing the Weissenberg number; however, velocity decreases in the case of the velocities ratio. Further, the Brickman number has a significant influence on the temperature profile and has increased with the increase in the Brickman number. Moreover, the separation point and coating thickness decrease with the velocities ratio increase. The results accuracy is checked against papers that have already been published. The comparison reveals good agreement; therefore, the resultant analytical model gives new ways to forecast film thickness and explain influence parameters. Hence, these factors may help in an efficient coating process and improve the substrate life.