Abstract
Patriotism, as the quality characteristic of human subjectness, is the most important condition and source for strengthening the unity, integrated and sustainable development of society and state. And the patriotic position and activity of the citizens of the country largely depend on the level of interest and awareness of the need to include patriotic values in the system of motivations of citizens and create adequate conditions for this. The problem of methodological basis of patriotism still remains one of the most urgent today. This article attempts to analyze the theoretical and methodological problems in the study of patriotism phenomenon. Authors, highlighting such concepts as naturocentrism, sociocentrism and anthropocentrism, show their insufficiency to reveal this phenomenon. The task of this study is, firstly, to show the presence of a certain impropriety in the existing approaches to the basis of patriotism, secondly, to consider patriotism not just as a political and ideological construction and attitude or sensory and emotional complex (as such, it gets, as a rule negative evaluation), but as a way of existence of human activity through inclusion patriotism in philosophical categories and definitions to reveal ontological sources of such existence and specifics of their implementation in specific social-cultural conditions, and thirdly, to identify the main tendencies and problematic cross points in the forming citizens patriotic attitudes and motivations.
Highlights
Today in Western philosophical and political thought the problem of patriotism is quite often touched upon
Kostakopoulou states that constitutional patriotism and republican patriotism are the shades of civic nationalism [4, p. 75]
Existing differences in the approaches to the basis of patriotism, especially in the ensuing conclusions and assessments indicate that patriotism is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that includes both sensual and rational, ordinary and ideological, acts and actions, various complexes of interpersonal and public relations and relationships, knowledge of the past, present and future
Summary
Today in Western philosophical and political thought the problem of patriotism is quite often touched upon. Today for Kazakhstan the study of methodological basis of patriotism is due to several key factors: firstly, Kazakhstan gained status of an independent and sovereign state and became an active subject of international politics and law, secondly, the peculiarities of the social-economic and political modernization, the strengthening of democratic foundations of human activity, the formation of the legal state and civic society, thirdly, the need of socialphilosophical understanding establishing new social relations, vital value transformations in terms of their influence on the public, individual consciousness, the content of ideology and culture of patriotism, which, in our opinion both in socialcultural and personal aspect directly affects the deep layers of the human being primarily spiritual and moral selfconstruction of the human person, and fourthly, the nature of the current geopolitical situation and those possible negative consequences that are connected with the process of globalisation In this regard, the set of problems related to the formation of a new image of Motherland-Fatherland, its establishment and transformation into the inner source of motivational and creative activity of every Kazakhstan citizen are becoming extremely urgent. Patriotism problem correlates with the definition of the support construction, which is designed to strengthen the framework of multi-ethnic, multiconfessional, democratically organized society and makes it able to consolidate the country's citizens, regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion, class and any other belonging, in order them to acquire common value criteria and own meanings of life
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