THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL BASIS OF DEVELOPING PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ CRITICAL THINKING

Abstract

The importance of developing primary school pupils’ critical thinking are substantiated in the article. Nowadays, a lesson in primary school involves the introduction of innovative methods and techniques that make it possible to develop pupils’ positive motivation for the need to acquire new knowledge, the ability to analyze, interpret and systematize information and use it in life situations or future professional activities.The purpose of the paper is to reveal the theoretical and methodical basis of developing primary school pupils’ critical thinking; to substantiate the main methods of developing critical thinking in primary school lessons.Methods: psychological and educational literature analysis, analogy, induction and deduction.Results. The use of technology for the developing critical thinking in primary school lessons is becoming more and more important. A modern school should prepare pupils for the future life through the forming schoolchildren’s ability to think critically, to select and analyze the necessary information, to use knowledge to solve educational and life situations independently. The implementation of technology for developing critical thinking is a complex, but interesting process of mastering knowledge and forming skills, because it requires thorough preparation, long-term planning, skillful implementation from the teacher, since the educational process has an obvious dialogic orientation between the teacher and the pupil, where the teacher plays an important role. As a result of the application of technology for the developing critical thinking, pupils’ analytical thinking, creative abilities are developed, and their intellect is enriched. The technology for developing critical thinking allows to upbring an active, communicatively competent personality, prepared for future life communication, capable of solving problems and making specific decisions in the changed circumstances of communication in the conditions of a modern lesson. A pupil who has developed critical thinking, has the ability to perceive, understand, interpret, evaluate an informational text, express his / her position in a reasoned way, competently justify his / her opinion, taking into account the opinions of the interlocutor. It is this personality that the school is designed to develop in modern lessons in the aspect of technology for developing critical thinking.
 Keywords: critical thinking; primary school pupils; technology for developing critical thinking; creative thinking; three-stage lesson structure; phase of evocation; awareness and comprehension of knowledge; reflection phase.