Abstract
The impact of PV generation distributed in a low voltage transmission line depends on many factors: The distribution lines and PV generators characteristics, its location, operational control, local meteorological conditions, electricity consumption profile, and the electricity cost variation. An atypical and challenging behavior of photovoltaic distributed generation (DG) insertion in consumer units (CUs), implies in some circumstances, as the reverse directionality of the power flow between the load equipped with a photovoltaic system generator and the electrical grid, when a CU contains a distributed generation and low power consumption, the power flow will be directed to the power electric grid. In this work, the modeling of a low-voltage real feeder was performed, setting the variables of the system under real operating conditions. As result, voltage levels variability throughout the feeder, the electrical losses, and the asymmetry between the phases were observed. Through simulation scenarios, the occurrence of voltage increase under different penetration scenarios of distributed generation was verified and there was a 10% increase in reference voltage as well as the occurrence of higher electrical losses by reverse current, reaching 1200% more with a DG penetration, in the massive presence of the photovoltaic generator. The mitigatory action used in this work was able to attenuate the negative impacts to the feeder circuit, ensuring the integrity grid and the consumer unit.
Highlights
Nowadays, the technological advance increasingly demands electricity to supply its needs, whether at a residential, industrial, or commercial level
Case 1 simulation considered the gradual insertion of distributed generation (DG), keeping constant irradiance and demand conditions
The proved that, in the occurrence of massive penetration of photovoltaic systems in one-phase connections proved that, in the occurrence of massive penetration of photovoltaic systems in one-phase with maximum installed of 10installed kWp, there was an overvoltage effect in the consumer connections withpower maximum power of 10
Summary
The technological advance increasingly demands electricity to supply its needs, whether at a residential, industrial, or commercial level. Photovoltaic solar energy emerges as one of the options to mitigate this problem [1] The development of this energetic modality in Brazil occurred with the creation of the Resolution. 414/2012, added and renumbered to 687/2015, along with the creation of module 8 of distribution procedure These two normative documents are responsible for regulating energy insertion, generation of electricity connected to the network, and monitoring the quality of the electricity [2]. Due to this standardization process and to the enormous potential for solar resource utilization in Brazil, in the year 2017, from the 10,561 connections performed until the month of May of that year [3], 10,453 came
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