Abstract
The theoretical analysis of beam-steerable, broadside-radiating Huygens dipole antenna arrays (HDAAs) is presented. Linear HDAAs with different numbers of elements are investigated and compared with full-wave simulations. Their attractive performance characteristics for wirelessly powered IoT applications are emphasized. Each Huygens dipole antenna (HDA) is an electrically small, linearly polarized, efficient, unidirectional radiating element. Linear HDAAs are confirmed to achieve high directivity beams in one principle plane and significantly broad beamwidths in the orthogonal principle plane. Very stable gain variation when their main beam is steered is demonstrated. A practical beam-steerable, broadside-radiating, linear HDAA is developed that employs an experimentally-verified HDA and is facilitated by a microstrip power-divider feed network. The entire HDAA design is ultrathin ( $\lambda _{0}/240.87$ ), lying only on a single piece Rogers Duroid $^{TM}~5880$ copper-clad substrate. A proof-of-concept 3-element HDAA prototype excited with a $3\times 3$ Butler matrix centered at 2.45 GHz was designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results, in very good agreement with their simulated values, demonstrate the efficacy of the linear HDAA designs and their potential usefulness for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems dedicated to emerging IoT applications that require power be directed towards terminals in multiple specified directions with broad area coverage at each one.
Highlights
A NTENNA characteristics such as high directivity and wide beamwidth are highly desired in wireless applications that require long distance operation and multi-user coverage [1]–[3]
We report in this paper the first comprehensive theoretical analysis of beam-steerable, broadside-radiating Huygens dipole antenna arrays (HDAAs)
This HDA consists of two electrically small metamaterial-inspired near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements, an Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) which acts as the electric dipole element and a capacitively-loaded loop (CLL) which acts as the magnetic dipole element
Summary
A NTENNA characteristics such as high directivity and wide beamwidth are highly desired in wireless applications that require long distance operation and multi-user coverage [1]–[3]. Other reported examples that use quasi-unidirectional array elements in a linear arrangement include beam-steerable slot antenna arrays enabled by longitudinal slot radiators [12]–[15], tapered slot antennas (TSAs) [16], and CP slot elements [17] All of these slot-based designs again have narrow beamwidths in that vertical, orthogonal plane, i.e., the largest achieved HPBW is less than 120◦ [17]. We report in this paper the first comprehensive theoretical analysis of beam-steerable, broadside-radiating Huygens dipole antenna arrays (HDAAs). We report the first design and realization an ultrathin HDAA prototype based on a linear arrangement of electrically small, Huygens dipole antennas (HDAs) along with measured results that confirm its simulated performance characteristics, confirming the efficacy of the HDAA concepts. The simulation models employed the known, real properties of the associated dielectrics and conductors
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