Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements of electromagnetic radiation from a horizontal electric dipole in shallow sea

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe technologies of undersea detection and communication, undersea sensor networks, and geophysical exploration by means of electromagnetic (EM) waves have been of long-standing interest in marine science and engineering. Most of the previous researches, however, dealt with these problems in deep sea environment with half-space model. In this paper, EM radiation from a horizontal electric dipole (HED) submerged in shallow sea is studied. A set of formulas for EM fields in air and seawater are derived with a three-layer model. The field expressions consist of Sommerfeld integrals, which are computed using a complementary numerical integration technique. A proof of concept measurement system was designed and a trial was conducted on a shallow sea. Comparisons are made at different frequencies between the measured results and theoretical predictions, good agreements of them verify the effectiveness of the theoretical model.