Abstract
본 연구는 카카오를 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위하여 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 검증하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 아세톤 추출물을 이용하여 클로로포름층, 에틸아세테이트층, 부탄올층, 물층의 극성별로 분획을 실시하였다. 카카오 분획물의 전자공여능은 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 76.2%, 부탄올 분획물이 53.9%의 소거능을 나타내었다. 또한, superoxide anion radical 소거능 측정 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획물과 부탄올 분획물이 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 각각 76.09%, 51.4%의 소거능이 나타났고, <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>의 첨가에 따른 지방산패 억제능에서 <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>를 첨가한 군에서는 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 64%로 <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>를 첨가한 군보다 저해능이 높았다. 항염증 효과 측정으로 hyaluronidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 부탄올 분획물의 경우 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 53.04%의 저해활성을 나타내었으며, lipoxygenase 저해 활성 측정결과 10 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 51.32%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포를 이용한 nitric oxide (NO) 저해활성을 측정한 결과 카카오 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 NO 저해활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 대식세포 내에서 에틸아세테이트 분획물 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX> 농도에서 iNOS, COX-2 단백질 발현을 저해하였다. Solvent extracts of Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) were investigated for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in order to consider TCL as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. TCL(A) extract was fractioned according to polarity with <TEX>$CHCl_3$</TEX>, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water. Following TCL(A) fractionation, the electron-donating ability of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) was about 76.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) was about 76.09% and 51.4%, respectively. Results of lipid oxidation showed that <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX> had a greater chelating effect than <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>. The <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX> chelating effect of the EtOAc solvent fraction (50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) was about 64%. Hyaluronidase inhibition related to the anti-inflammatory effect was 53.0% with EtOAc at 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory effect was about 51.32% at 10 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. The anti-inflammatory activity in the EtOAc fraction inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Results also showed that iNOS protein expression increased in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, at 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX> EtOAc, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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