Theater Missile Defense in World War II - Some Operational Art Considerations.

Abstract

Abstract : The World War II V-1 and V-2 attacks by Germany were the first effective use of theater missiles, and the first instance of a requirement for theater missile defense (TMD). The Allied response to German cruise (V-1) and ballistic (V-2) missile attacks incorporated all the elements of modern TMD concepts--Active Defense; Passive Defense; Attack Operations; and Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I)--with varying success. Examining this historical case from the perspective of the three basic operational art factors--Space, Time, and Force-and their interrelationships provides some considerations for the operational commander planning and conducting TMD today. Theater missiles will remain a desirable weapon system from an enemy's perspective. Unlike the Second World War, modern conflicts are likely to be short and both sides will essentially come as they are. The various improvements in theater missile capabilities, coupled with their wider proliferation, will challenge the operational commander even more than before. Nevertheless, improving TMD capabilities will help the operational commander counter the threat. At the same time, coalition partners and host nations will continue to place additional demands on the operational commander. The continued development of TMD doctrine, coupled with improving capabilities and realistic training, should permit an effective TMD response in future conflicts.