Abstract

The aim of our study was to assess the yield of routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at our hospital as part of the diagnostic procedures focused on autism. Our retrospective study involved children who had attended a diagnostic examination focused on autism and underwent brain MRIs between 1998-2015. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition was used to make clinical diagnoses. In 489 children (404 boys, 85 girls; mean age 8.0±4.2 years), a diagnosis of a pervasive developmental disorder was confirmed. Forty-five children, where the autism diagnosis was ruled out (but other psychiatric diagnoses found), served as a control group (36 boys, 9 girls; mean age 7.0±2.4 years). We can assume that in such a control group, brain abnormalities might occur at a higher frequency than in truly healthy children which would have the effect of reducing the difference between the groups. MRI pathologies were more common in the autistic (45.4 %) compared to the control group (31.8%) but the difference was significant only at the trend level (P=0.085). Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (CC) was significantly more common in the autistic vs. the control group (13.7 vs. 0%; P=0.009). In contrast, nonmyelinated areas of white matter were significantly more common in controls (31.8 vs.17.3%; P=0.018). Differences in other parameters were not significant. The occurrence of CC hypoplasia on routine MRI scans could represent a "red flag" for suspicion of autism.

Highlights

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool in autism research

  • Less is known about the utility of routine MRIs in diagnostic procedures focused on autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

  • Procedure Our retrospective study involved children who had attended a diagnostic examination focused on autism at the Department of Child Psychiatry between 1998–2015 and whose parents had agreed that a routine MRI be part of the diagnostic process

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool in autism research. A recent review by Bölte et al identified 114 MRI research studies carried out in children[1]. Less is known about the utility of routine MRIs in diagnostic procedures focused on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Challman et al.[6] reported visible central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, of varying significance, in 24% of their sample. None of these abnormalities required intervention, and only one MRI scan (in a patient with multiple cortical tubers) contributed to a specific diagnosis. In the Czech Republic, some hospitals (including ours) perform routine brain MRIs as part of diagnostic procedures focused on autism. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the yield of routine MRIs performed at our hospital between 1998–2015

METHODS
Findings on MRI ASD Controls Statistics
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
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