Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is generally considered an important food-borne pathogen worldwide, especially in the European Union. A lytic Yersinia phage X1 (Viruses; dsDNA viruses, no RNA stage; Caudovirales; and Myoviridae) was isolated. Phage X1 showed a broad host range and could effectively lyse 27/51 Y. enterocolitica strains covering various serotypes that cause yersiniosis in humans and animals (such as serotype O3 and serotype O8). The genome of this phage was sequenced and analyzed. No toxin, antibiotic-resistance or lysogeny related modules were found in the genome of phage X1. Studies of phage stability confirmed that X1 had a high tolerance toward a broad range of temperatures (4–60°C) and pH values (4–11) for 1 h. The ability to resist harsh acidic conditions and enzymatic degradation in vitro demonstrated that phage X1 is suitable for oral administration, and in particular, that this phage can pass the stomach barrier and efficiently reach the intestine in vivo without losing infectious ability. The potential of this phage against Y. enterocolitica infection in vitro was studied. In animal experiments, a single oral administration of phage X1 at 6 h post infection was sufficient to eliminate Y. enterocolitica in 33.3% of mice (15/45). In addition, the number of Y. enterocolitica strains in the mice was also dramatically reduced to approximately 103 CFU/g after 18 h compared with 107 CFU/g in the mice without phage treatment. Treatment with phage X1 showed significant improvement by intestinal histopathologic observations. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). These results indicate that phage X1 is a promising candidate to control infection by Y. enterocolitica in vivo.
Highlights
Yersiniosis is mainly caused by Yersinia enterocolitica, which is a facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacterium that belongs to the Yersiniaceae family (Adeolu et al, 2016; Saraka et al, 2017)
A total of 49 clinically isolated strains were identified as Y. enterocolitica by 16S rRNA sequencing
Plaques of phage X1 were 5–7 mm in diameter surrounded by transparent haloes in the periphery that expanded with time (Figure 1A)
Summary
Yersiniosis is mainly caused by Yersinia enterocolitica, which is a facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacterium that belongs to the Yersiniaceae family (Adeolu et al, 2016; Saraka et al, 2017). Phage X1 Protects Yersinia enterocolitica Infection salmonellosis (Rosner et al, 2010; Strydom et al, 2019). Pigs are asymptomatic carriers and the main reservoir of the Y. enterocolitica strain serotype O3, which is the most frequently reported serotype (89%) in the EU (Drummond et al, 2012). Y. enterocolitica cause a range of infections including severe diarrhea, enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis, reactive arthritis (ReA), nodular erythema (EN) and septicemia (Rosner et al, 2013). There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents directed against Y. enterocolitica
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
