Abstract
Mangifera indica can generate up to 60% of polluting by-products, including peels. However, it has been shown that flavonoids and mangiferin are mainly responsible for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities closely related to the wound-healing process. The chemical composition of MEMI (methanolic extract of M. indica) was analyzed by HPLC-DAD, as well as concentrations of total phenol (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity (SA50). Wound-healing efficacy was determined by measurements of wound contraction, histological analysis, and tensiometric method; moreover, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and acute dermal toxicity (OECD 402) were also evaluated. Phenol, resorcinol, conjugated resorcinol, and mangiferin were detected. TPC, TFC, and SA50 were 136 mg GAE/g, 101.66 mg QE/g, and 36.33 µg/mL, respectively. Tensile strength and wound contraction closure did not show significant differences between MEMI and dexpanthenol groups. Histological analysis (after 14 days) shows a similar architecture between MEMI treatment and normal skin. MEMI exhibits a reduction in edema. Staphylococcus epidermidis had an MIC of 2 mg/mL, while Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli reached 4 mg/mL. The MEMI showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, this study demonstrates multiple targets that flavonoids and mangiferin of MEMI may present during the healing process.
Highlights
In the last 25 years, the horticultural sector has grown both in area and production in order to satisfy the global demand for food [1]
These healing properties are attributed to their secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenolic compounds (PCs); the most reported PCs being flavonoids and mangiferin, and the peel presents higher amounts of these metabolites compared to pulp
The chemical profile obtained from methanolic extract of M. indica (MEMI) by high-performance liquid chromatography showed different compounds: phenol, resorcinol, conjugates of resorcinol, and mangiferin
Summary
In the last 25 years, the horticultural sector has grown both in area and production in order to satisfy the global demand for food [1]. Ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies have mentioned the use of various parts of the mango tree (roots, barks, leaves, fruits, and seeds) to alleviate different gastrointestinal ailments, respiratory diseases, urinary infections, insect bites, and wounds [4]. These healing properties are attributed to their secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenolic compounds (PCs); the most reported PCs being flavonoids and mangiferin (glycosylated xanthone), and the peel presents higher amounts of these metabolites compared to pulp. These phytochemicals are characterized by having the ability to scavenge free radicals, activate endothelial cell migration, disrupt the cell membrane of microorganisms, and inhibit inflammatory and pain pathways [5,6]
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