Abstract
The article is focused on the assessment of changes in the average annual water levels of large lakes of the planet in the changing climate conditions characteristic of the recent decades. Eight large lakes, i.e.Baikal, Balkhash, Superior, Issyk-Kul, Ladoga, Onega, Ontario, and Erie, located on the territory of Eurasia and North America, were chosen as the research objects. They were selected because of the availability of a long-term observations series of the water level. As is known, long-term changes in the lakes water level result from variation in the water volume. The latter depends on the ratios between the water balance components of the lake that have developed during a given year, which, in turn, reflect the climatic conditions of the respective years. The features of the water balance structure of the above-mentioned lakes and the intra-annual course of the water level are considered. The available long-term records of observational data on all selected lakes and their stations were divided into two periods: from 1960 to 1979 (the period of stationary climatic situation) and from 1980 to 2008 (the period of non-stationary climatic situation). The homogeneity and significance of trends in the long-term water level series of records have been estimated. It has been established that over the second period the nature and magnitude of the lakes water levels variations differ significantly. For lakes Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, Ladoga, Superior, and Erie, there is a general tendency for a decrease in water levels. For the remaining three lakes (Baikal, Onega, and Ontario), the opposite tendency has been noted: the levels of these lakes increased. Quantitatively, the range of changes in water levels on the lakes in question over the period of 1980-2008 ranged from -4 cm to +26 cm.
Highlights
According to the previous studies, during the last century the average global temperature of the Northern Hemisphere has increased by 0.6 ̊C
Long-term changes in the lakes water level result from variation in the water volume. The latter depends on the ratios between the water balance components of the lake that have developed during a given year, which, in turn, reflect the climatic conditions of the respective years
For lakes Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, Ladoga, Superior, and Erie, there is a general tendency for a decrease in water levels
Summary
According to the previous studies, during the last century the average global temperature of the Northern Hemisphere has increased by 0.6 ̊C. An increase in the water level is accompanied by the flooding of the territories, while a decrease in the level leads to their drainage Both of these processes, caused by changes in the volume of a lake’s water mass, can lead to changes in flora and fauna in the coastal zone, disruption of the established economic activity on the lake shores, changes in water quality, etc. These effects can be especially tangible in warming of the climate system since there is a change in the existing long-term relationships between the lake’s water balance components, which may develop into a unidirectional tendency in its level dynamics. From this point of view, the task of assessing changes in the large lakes water level in the non-stationary climate conditions of the last decades is of great practical importance
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