Abstract
In this paper a series of concepts concerning the relationships between electromagnetic theory and information transmitted in communication systems using electromagnetic waves are organized in a systematic framework through the introduction of the “Deep Physical Layer” (DPL), a layer placed under the Physical Layer (PL) of the OSI model. While the PL provides an analysis of the system at level of 'bits', the DPL regards the possible distinguishable configurations of the electromagnetic field. It is shown that the limiting performance of communication systems in terms of data throughput is fixed in this layer, while at the PL level the 'potential' offered by the DPL is expressed according to the specific communication strategy and technology. In the last part of the paper a series of solutions currently investigated in 6G, such as holographic antennas, mMIMO, smart surfaces, are discussed at the level of the Deep Physical Layer, and some comments on the antenna synthesis are reported.
Highlights
The leitmotif of this work is a physical approach to the communication process.The main objective of the document is to introduce the ‘‘Deep Physical Layer’’ (DPL), an additional layer positioned below the physical layer of the OSI model, and to clarify the impact of DPL on the Physical Layer, showing a series of examples of interest in the 6G research field
This paper merges and extends the results obtained in this specific research field, until now mainly limited to scientific dissemination in the electromagnetic community, in a unified framework, represented by the ’Deep Physical Layer’, showing how some emerging solutions for 6G antennas are viewed at the DPL level
An increase up to six degrees of freedom using a small antenna was shown under an adequate SNR [21]. This example confirms that what happens at the PL level depends on the global STPNDF, and attention must be paid to the association of quantities defined at the PL level, such as spatial subchannels, with quantities defined at the DPL level
Summary
The main objective of the document is to introduce the ‘‘Deep Physical Layer’’ (DPL), an additional layer positioned below the physical layer of the OSI model, and to clarify the impact of DPL on the Physical Layer, showing a series of examples of interest in the 6G research field In this sense this paper is not an applicative paper, but a methodological paper. This paper merges and extends the results obtained in this specific research field, until now mainly limited to scientific dissemination in the electromagnetic community, in a unified framework, represented by the ’Deep Physical Layer’, showing how some emerging solutions for 6G antennas are viewed at the DPL level. At the DPL level the communication process is described in terms of physical observables instead of bits The performance at this layer level is limited by the first principles. In the following subsections we will analyze separately the dependence on time, space and polarization in order to obtain a simpler understanding of the phenomena involved at the Deep Physical Layer level
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