Abstract
The results of the study of winter-hardiness of the varieties and forms of filbert (Сorylus domestica Кosenko еt Оpalko), planted in Ukraine, are presented. The aim was to determine the suitableness of filbert plants for industrial planting in the gardening zone of Ukraine that needed the most exact assessment of potential of their winter and frost resistance. For attaining this aim we introduced in the research the laboratory freezing of tissues and organs of prospective varieties of filbert with modeling of influence of the low negative temperatures at the level - 25, - 30 and - 35 °С. As the material of research were used the filbert plants of varieties and forms, prospective for planting in Ukrainian conditions. The study and procurement of slip material was carried out in parent filbert plants of decennial age of research-productive district of the National dendrologic part “Sofiivka”, NAS of Ukraine during 2015–2016 according to conventional methods and recommendations. Incomplete coincidence of the data of frost resistance of studied filbert variants in the natural conditions and at the different modes of direct freezing can be explained by the varietal features. Despite the unfavorable conditions of wintering 2015–2016, the freezing of studied filbert plants under the garden conditions was completely insufficient (summary point of damage was less 10) and insufficient (the level of disorder is limited by 11–20 points). Besides the ability to endure the short-term strong frosts, the high winter-hardiness is demonstrated only by filbert plants, less sensitive to the provoking influence of thaw. The complex assessment of the winter and frost resistance of filbert plants by the field and instrumental methods proved the sufficient adaptability of studied samples to the conditions of studied gardening zone. The varieties and forms of filbert Sofiiivsky-1 and especially Pavlenko’s gift were recognized as the best by the frost resistance and potential of winter-hardiness.
Highlights
Among the prospective arboraceous plants of natural and cultural flora the special place is occupied by nuciferous plants, especially the representative of Corylus L. genus – varietal filbert (Corylus domestica Kosenko et Opalko), that has nutritive value but positive influence on human health, is used in the garden-park economy, different industrial branches, in widening of selective-genetic fund at creation of new varieties, forms and hybrids [1, 2]
The suitableness of filbert plants to the industrial planting in certain gardening zone of Ukraine that needed the most exact assessment of potential of their winter and frost resistance. For attaining this aim we introduced in the research the laboratory freezing of tissues and organs of prospective varieties of filbert with modeling of influence of the low negative temperatures at the level –25, –30 and –35 °С [18,19,20]
The study and procurement of slip material was carried out in parent filbert plants of decennial age of research-productive district of the National dendrologic part “Sofiivka”, NAS of Ukraine during 2015–2016 according to conventional methods and recommendations. The complexity of these studies, the diversity of applied methods and significant volume of experimental data allowed us to consider the plants of this variety as physiological control of frost resistance at the assessment of prospective filbert varieties in the new gardening zone [21,22,23]
Summary
Among the prospective arboraceous plants of natural and cultural flora the special place is occupied by nuciferous plants, especially the representative of Corylus L. genus – varietal filbert (Corylus domestica Kosenko et Opalko), that has nutritive value but positive influence on human health, is used in the garden-park economy, different industrial branches, in widening of selective-genetic fund at creation of new varieties, forms and hybrids [1, 2]. The filbert has a subtropical origin from the regions of Turkey and Caucasus, adjacent to the Black sea [6, 7]. This culture differs by sufficient plasticity that made possible its planting in more Northern gardening zones. At the same time the active advancement of filbert fruits production farther to the North needs more winter and frost resistance of this crop. The filbert as subtropical and wind-pollinated crop is characterized with the short period of organic rest, especially relative to the male racemes. The conditions of wintering provoke the early going out from the rest state and essential loss of winter-hardiness of the filbert plants [10,11,12]
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