Abstract
Sociologists define a wicked problem as one without clear causes or solutions, and thus difficult or impossible to solve. Herbicide resistance is the epitome of a wicked problem: the causes are convoluted by myriad biological and technological factors, and are fundamentally driven by the vagaries of human decision-making. Weed scientists for decades have conducted research and developed educational programs to prevent or mitigate evolution of herbicide resistance, yet resistance is more prevalent today than ever before. If we expect to achieve success in herbicide resistance management, different approaches will be essential. The second Herbicide Resistance Summit focused on “doing something different,” bringing in rural sociologists, agricultural economists, weed scientists, and crop consultants to discuss the decision-making process itself, community-based approaches to resistance management, economics of resistance management, potential regulatory and incentive programs, new approaches to educational programs, diversification of weed management, and a call to action for everyone involved in the decision-making process.
Highlights
Herbicide resistance is far from a new topic; reports of the evolution of resistance go back as early as the 1950s (Switzer 1957)
The introduction of glyphosateresistant crops (GRCs) came at a time in which they were viewed as a salvation from the exploding problem of weeds resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in the 1990s
What is unique about the emergence of glyphosate resistance is the severity of selection pressure for herbicide resistance that was placed on agronomic production by rapid adoption of GRCs throughout the entire United States and worldwide
Summary
- Two - Three - Four - Five - Six - Seven - Eight - Nine - Ten - Eleven 100 ,--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. Having confirmed resistance to this class of chemistry. As a species develops resistance to more than one MOA, the number of options for effective control from herbicides is reduced. Resistance is most likely to evolve whenever a single MOA is used repeatedly without a sound stewardship approach to diversify the weed management program. Resistance occurred when community-influencing decisions regarding weed management did not effectively promote diversification of weed management strategies
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