Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of an extremophile species Thellungiella parvula (T. parvula) have been determined with the lengths of 255,773 bp. T. parvula mt genome is a circular sequence and contains 32 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, and three ribosomal RNA genes with a 11.5% coding sequence. The base composition of 27.5% A, 27.5% T, 22.7% C, and 22.3% G in descending order shows a slight bias of 55% AT. Fifty-three repeats were identified in the mitochondrial genome of T. parvula, including 24 direct repeats, 28 tandem repeats (TRs), and one palindromic repeat. Furthermore, a total of 199 perfect microsatellites have been mined with a high A/T content (83.1%) through simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and they were distributed unevenly within this mitochondrial genome. We also analyzed other plant mitochondrial genomes' evolution in general, providing clues for the understanding of the evolution of organelles genomes in plants. Comparing with other Brassicaceae species, T. parvula is related to Arabidopsis thaliana whose characters of low temperature resistance have been well documented. This study will provide important genetic tools for other Brassicaceae species research and improve yields of economically important plants.
Highlights
Plant mitochondrial genome contains unique features, including large-scale sequence, frequent recombination, and merging foreign DNA [1]
Mitochondria tackle oxidative phosphorylation very efficiently which is related to energy releasing in the electron transport and each molecule of glucose oxidized can produce about 30 molecules of ATP; only two molecules of ATP are produced through nuclear-controlled glycolysis
By comparison with other Arabidopsis thaliana, the mitochondrial genome of T. parvula has the same types of function genes as crucifers
Summary
Plant mitochondrial genome contains unique features, including large-scale sequence, frequent recombination, and merging foreign DNA [1]. As a typically active organelle with regularly undergoing fission and fusion, mitochondria have been thought to play an important part in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization process [3]. Another important feature of mitochondrial genome is its maternal inheritance, which shows its difference with nuclear DNA [2]. The reported Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial genome sequence gives a more comprehensive and detailed view of internal duplication and foreign DNA uptake has International Journal of Genomics influenced the size, structure, and evolutionary potential. Within the high rate of mutation, only a very small part of plant mitochondrial genomes can be assembled
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