Abstract
This article seeks to understand the impact of the Albigensian Crusade on the formation and brief life of two confraternities. In 1210 the Bishop of Toulouse founded a confraternity to, among other things, stamp out heresy and usury in Toulouse. This confraternity directed its efforts against one of Toulouse’s suburbs. In reaction the citizens of the suburb founded their own, the bishop’s fraternity now called the “Whites” and that of the bourg called the “Blacks.” These confraternities illustrate some of the dynamics in a city caught up in internal strife of long standing and an outside war as the Albigensian Crusade moved closer. The Albigensian Crusade exacerbated existing internal problems of Toulouse but had there been no crusade there would have been no White and Black confraternities. The Albigensian Crusade stimulated the formation of the two organizations, but also caused their dissolution.
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