The Wetting of Surface-Treated Silicone Impression Materials by Gypsum Mixes Containing Disinfectants and Modifiers

Abstract

This work evaluated wettability of silicone impression surfaces by gypsum mixes containing disinfectants. Two types of dental stone were modified by mixing with aqueous solutions of either sodium hypochlorite or povidone iodine. These materials were subjected to further modification by adding a mixture of 1% gum arabic and 0.132% calcium hydroxide to reduce the water requirement of the hemihydrate. Mix consistency tests were carried out to determine the effect of the disinfectants and the modifying additives on the mix fluidity. Contact angles of the mixed materials were measured when they were poured against a polyvinylsiloxane impression material that had undergone the following treatments (1) no treatment (control), (2) surfactant treated, (3) disinfectant treated, and (4) treated with both surfactant and disinfectant. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out using Dunnett's method to determine if experimental groups were significantly different from the control. Gypsum mix consistency was reduced by the presence of combined gum arabic and calcium hydroxide additives. Contact angle data showed that the additives and disinfectants incorporated into the gypsum had, in general, no beneficial effect on the wetting of an untreated silicone surface, or a surface treated with surfactant. In some instances, better wetting was obtained with disinfectant-treated surfaces, and surfaces that had been disinfected and treated with surfactant. Fluidity of the mixed gypsum was affected by the modifying additives. Chemical disinfectants incorporated in gypsum have little effect on the wetting behavior of dental gypsum. Modifying dental stone powders with gum arabic and calcium hydroxide additives (before mixing at the manufacturers' recommended liquid/powder ratios), improved the wetting behavior of the mixed materials in some cases, but results were not consistent.