Abstract
BackgroundA new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been recently developed within the Italian Adolescents and Surveillance System for the Obesity prevention (ASSO) Project; it was found to be appropriate for ranking adolescents in food and nutrient levels of intake. The aim of this study was to assess the relative and absolute reproducibility of the ASSO-FFQ for 24 food groups, energy and 52 nutrients.MethodsA test-retest study was performed on two ASSO-FFQs administered one month apart of each other to 185 adolescents, aged 14–17 and attending secondary schools in Palermo (Italy). Wilcoxon test assessed differences in median daily intakes between the two FFQs. Agreement was evaluated by quintiles comparison and weighted kappa. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman method assessed the relative and absolute reliability respectively.ResultsSignificant difference (p < 0.05) in median intakes was found only for bread substitutes, savoury food, water, soft drinks, carbohydrates and sugar. The subjects classified into the same or adjacent quintiles for food groups ranged from 62% (white bread) to 91% (soft drinks); for energy and nutrients from 64% (polyunsaturated fatty acids) to 90% (ethanol). Mean values of weighted kappa were 0.47 and 0.48, respectively for food groups and nutrients. Fair to good ICC values (>0.40) were assessed for thirteen food groups, energy and forty-three nutrients. Limits of Agreement were narrow for almost all food groups and all nutrients.ConclusionsThe ASSO-FFQ is a reliable instrument for estimating food groups, energy and nutrients intake in adolescents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-119) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
A new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been recently developed within the Italian Adolescents and Surveillance System for the Obesity prevention (ASSO) Project; it was found to be appropriate for ranking adolescents in food and nutrient levels of intake
It is a web-based questionnaire included in the ASSONutFit (Nutrition & Fitness) software that allows obtaining a database on food groups, energy and nutrients intake in adolescents
The validation study revealed that, even though the ASSO-FFQ was not suitable for measuring the absolute intakes of all food groups and nutrients, it was appropriate for ranking adolescents in food and nutrient levels; type of school, gender, alcohol consumption and between meals were significant explanatory variables of the intake differences between FFQ and weighted food record (WFR), influencing the questionnaire validity
Summary
A new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been recently developed within the Italian Adolescents and Surveillance System for the Obesity prevention (ASSO) Project; it was found to be appropriate for ranking adolescents in food and nutrient levels of intake. Two types of reliability have been identified, i.e. the relative reliability and the Different FFQs have been validated and have been shown to be reliable [4,8,9,10,11,12], but the need of a web-based, more user-friendly, fast and cost-effective tool has been recently highlighted [13] It is a web-based questionnaire included in the ASSONutFit (Nutrition & Fitness) software that allows obtaining a database on food groups, energy and nutrients intake in adolescents. The validation study revealed that, even though the ASSO-FFQ was not suitable for measuring the absolute intakes of all food groups and nutrients, it was appropriate for ranking adolescents in food and nutrient levels; type of school, gender, alcohol consumption and between meals were significant explanatory variables of the intake differences between FFQ and WFR, influencing the questionnaire validity
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