Abstract
It is commonly known that children do not engage in a sufficient amount of physical activity. Weather conditions and day length may influence physical activity of children. Little is known about the relationship between physical activity and seasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between weather conditions and physical activity in 6–12 year old children based on hip-worn Actigraph wGT3X–BT accelerometer data. The study sample consisted of 2015 subjects aged 6–12 years from the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) study carried out in Horten municipality and Akershus county, Norway. Six days of sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data was gathered in January–June and September–October, 2015, presented as daily averages. The accelerometer-monitored physical activity of children grouped within nine schools was matched with regional weather conditions and assessed with the means of linear mixed models. Increased day length was associated with decreased sedentary behavior. Warmer temperature and dry weather were associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after adjusting for age and sex. One-hour increase in daylight resulted in a decrease of sedentary time by, on average, 2 min (95% CI = (−2.577, −0.798)). For every 5 °C increase in temperature (range: −0.95 and 15.51 °C) and dry weather, average moderate-to vigorous physical activity increased by 72 and 67 min (males and females, respectively) (p < 0.001). Days with precipitation had, on average, 10 fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with days without precipitation (95% CI = (−16.704, −3.259)). Higher temperatures and dry weather led to higher physical activity levels, seeing larger increases among boys than girls. A school-based physical activity intervention program should be adjusted regarding local weather conditions in line with the present findings.
Highlights
A lot of studies have recently been carried out to inspect probable relationships between physical activity (PA) and weather conditions
Measured average daily MVPA steadily decreased with age (Figure 2) among Norwegian children
This study showed that the day length affects average SED of children, and precipitation intensity and temperature influence average MVPA
Summary
A lot of studies have recently been carried out to inspect probable relationships between physical activity (PA) and weather conditions. A question regarding PA and its positive impact on school-aged children, as well as its promotion in schools, has been discussed recently [1,2,3,4], considering PA to be a crucial component of children’s everyday lives. It has been proposed that a consistent increase in PA could reduce obesity, heart disease, and a number of other chronic illnesses, as well as even improving cognitive performance [1,5,6,7]. It is important to design productive school intervention programs to increase PA levels. That is why research has begun to investigate potential obstacles to PA and major forces causing physical inactivity.
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