The ways of adapting the working schemes of multifunctional soil-cultivating sowing units.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:With the development of technology, the use of combined machines and units has become increasingly popular. From the numerous studies that were carried out during the maintenance of machines of this type, it can be seen that the cost of raw materials and finances have been significantly reduced, and a host of other advantages have also been identified. AIMS:The purpose of the research is to find ways to adapt the working schemes of multifunctional tillage sowing units for a more convenient combination of design schemes and parameters of its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Engineers use the method of adapting machines by changing working bodies designed in the form of schemes into modules that perform various types of operations based on working conditions. Thanks to this method, sets of individual working bodies and combinations are formed for any kind of conditions (soil, climate, etc.) In addition to the advantages, this system has a number of disadvantages. One of these is that at the manufacturing plants, the modules that are part of the starting base of the unit cannot be 100% adapted to environmental conditions and economic factors of production. In this regard, it becomes problematic to combine structural schemes, select the necessary parameters with minimal losses and adjust the unit to the necessary operating mode, based on the system-structural synthesis of their working scheme. As an object of study, devices and production processes were installed, the main task of which is the implementation of tillage and sowing work. In particular, one can single out oscillatory and mechanical technical processes that determine the behavior of realizing systems and subsystems.The practical value of this study presented in the form: - creation of a special computer scheme which is capable of structuring the analysis and synthesis of the constructive system of the tillage-sowing unit to find the working links for various types of unit functions; - finding methods and improved combinations of working bodies, comparing similar mechanical analogues with the original properties of systems. A lot of research has been carried out in the field of machine combinations. A great contribution to the research was made by the works of M.S. Runcheva, E.I. Lipkovich, A.A. Vilde and other research scientists. RESULTS: When studying the studies of Wilde, who characterized the combined units, as well as the works of Runchev, who determined the generalization of the combined machines, an actual typology of agricultural machines was developed. In this typology, one of the most important characteristics is multifunctionality, which has developed from the need for the versatility of units and the compilation of combinations of several units. The developed technology contains a number of characteristics that are fundamental for the choice of agricultural machines. These are temporal, energy, constructive, spatial characteristics of the technical process. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study, it was determined at what speed of the unit the system is balanced.