The Wave of Broad-Spectrum Crises in the EU Over the Last Decade: The Effect of Chaos or the Arrival of the Black Swan? The Impact of Crises on Integration Dynamics

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union has been undergoing a wave of broad-based crises. The Eurozone crisis, the effects of which are still being felt by the EU economy and the integration process as a whole, the subsequent so-called migration crisis with its impact on the integration dynamic, the British referendum on Brexit, and the pandemic crisis, which may change the integration slowdown. Open war conflict in Europe connected with Russian aggression towards Ukraine. Does this development correspond to the concept of chaos or is it the arrival of the black swan? What security challenges have these crises brought? Narrative comparison of the sensitivity of EU ´s states as a chosen methodology targeting to internal system structure of the EU. Macroeconomic vulnerability, geo-economic vulnerability, polarisation of the EU member states, a decline in the Union unity and a return to national interests. But also, a rethinking of self-sufficiency in strategic zones and questions of strategic autonomy in critical infrastructure.