Abstract
Allied strategy against Japan during the Pacific war was conditioned by the priorities and assessments determined by political and military leaders in 1941. It is essential to examine the formulation of British and American policies before Pearl Harbor in order to appreciate the approaches adopted during the bloody fighting in the Pacific and South-East Asia. Winston Churchill regarded the war in Europe as emphatically the top priority, followed by the Middle East; the Far East he relegated to third place. This was scarcely surprising given the situation facing him when he became prime minister in May 1940. The collapse of France and the sweeping German victories necessitated concentration upon the defence of Britain itself, the staving-off of invasion and a policy of encouraging indirect and then direct intervention by the United States.
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