Abstract
The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (jus in bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts.
Highlights
Following up the shift in warfare from conventional to modern ones, new technologies have been highly invested in conflicts such as cyber-attacks, accompanied by the change of conflict actors that is no more limited to dual state conflicts but as well an explicit involvement of non-state armed groups, terrorist groups, proxy fighters sponsored or solely motivated
The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of international humanitarian law (IHL) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts
This paper concludes that international law is capable of regulating the cyber operations theoretically but broadly as legal status of cyber-attacks and appropriate responses are not clear
Summary
Following up the shift in warfare from conventional to modern ones, new technologies have been highly invested in conflicts such as cyber-attacks, accompanied by the change of conflict actors that is no more limited to dual state conflicts but as well an explicit involvement of non-state armed groups, terrorist groups, proxy fighters sponsored or solely motivated. Several examples of cyber or virtual operations/attacks have been waged since 1990s, such as the Black Hand group that held attacks against the NATO’s internet infrastructure at 1999 as a response to the military operations in Serbia[1], the Pakistani Hackerz Club that targeted the proIsraeli lobby AIPAC at USA as a response to the conflict in Palestine[2]. In April 2001 USA has been targeted by China[3], the cyber-attack that targeted Estonia in 20074 and resulted a
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