Abstract
The angle between the asymptotes of a ray is developed as a power series in its impact parameter about some value which characterizes the `principal ray' When this value is zero, the principal points of the equivalent lens coincide at the axis of symmetry; in all other cases it is `thick' The focal length is here associated with the coefficient of the linear term, the transverse aberrations with those of the higher terms The quadratic aberration vanishes for a wide range of relative Hρ if the principal ray is suitably chosen. Foci with quadratic aberration are intercepts of the caustic curve, whose cusp lies at the cubic focus The dependence of aberration upon magnification and the conditions in which the cubic as well as the quadratic aberration vanish are discussed
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