The VIPoma: Further confirmation of VIP as the hormonal agent in the WDHA syndrome

Abstract

The WDHA syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. The diagnosis has been made to date only due to severe clinical symptomatology. In a review of the literature gastrin, secretin, glucagon, enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and prostaglandins have been variously suggested as a possible etiologic agent for this syndrome. A case of the WDHA syndrome is reported in which hormonal assays of the serum preoperatively and two years postoperatively and tumor for many of the proposed agents is performed. A discussion of possible cross-reactivity among these similarly structured polypeptides in the radioimmunoassays systems is used to explain the multitude of possible hormonal agents presented in the literature. Standardization of the VIP assays will result in increasing diagnosis of this disease state prior to its fulminant clinical presentation.