The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes,Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/201921214418

Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes, Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/201921214418

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Journal: Revista CEFAC	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2019
License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

Highlights

Oral habits can be classified as normal or deleterious
Exclusion criteria included children diagnosed with neurological syndromes, sensory impairment, autism, who used psychotropic medication, and/or who were in a diagnostic investigation process, as well as those whose parents did not sign the Free and Informed Consent Term (FICT)
The results presentation was divided into three parts: 1. Data collected through the analysis of the questionnaires provided to parents and/or guardians of the children in the institution; 2

Summary

Introduction

Nasal breathing, chewing and swallowing are regarded as physiological and functional habits, since they contribute to the establishment of a normal occlusion, favoring the harmonic facial growth without deviations[1]. Digital suction, oral breathing, use of pacifiers and bottles as well as, lower lip interposition/suction, tongue suction, onychophagy, and mandibular propulsion are considered deleterious oral habits[2,3]. When persistent, these habits contribute to the development of malocclusions and phonetic changes, as they affect the growth and development of the muscles and bones of the jaw[3,4].

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Conclusion