Abstract
In the last decade, new types of solvents called deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been synthesized and commercialized. Among their main advantages, they can be eco-friendly and are easy to synthesize at different molar ratios depending on the desired solvent properties. This review aims to show the different uses of DES in some relevant biocatalytic redox reactions. Here we analyze oxidoreductase-mediated transformations that are performed in the presence of DES and compare them with the ones that avoided those solvents. DES were found to present advantages such as the increase in the product yield and enantiomeric excess in many reactions.
Highlights
Nowadays, industries seek to use novel types of solvents that can offer advantages over the more typical organic ones due to environmental reasons
The group found out that the choline chloride (ChCl):Ur mixture was a good co-solvent in the steroid manufacturer has to keep the balance between permeabilizing the cell membrane and keeping the dehydrogenation reaction, and that the initial reaction rate for this reaction was higher compared to enzymatic activity, because at high concentrations it can be harmful as the mixture of components the ones that were performed in the deep eutectic solvents (DES) individual components [42]
This review shows some major advantages of DES in oxidoreductase-mediated transformations
Summary
Industries seek to use novel types of solvents that can offer advantages over the more typical organic ones due to environmental reasons. DES are mixtures of a salt such as choline chloride (ChCl) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) molecule such as urea (Ur) These solvents present many advantages, including the facts that they are eco-friendly, cheap, and can increase the (bio)catalytic activity of many reactions leading to high yields of products with excellent enantiomeric excess (ee), including important precursors for drugs that are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry [1,2]. This review is about the major effects and the latest applications of DES in oxidoreductase-mediated reactions and compares some applications of DES to other solvents that are widely used in this biocatalytic field These enzymes are responsible of redox transformations and for this they require a cofactor, e.g., β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which exists in a phosphorylated (NADP+ ) and non-phosphorylated (NAD+ ) oxidised form, or in their reduced versions [NAD(P)H]. Since their use in stoichiometric amounts is hampered due to inhibition effects and economic hurdles, efficient cofactor recycling systems have been designed for the development of effective and economic feasible redox transformations [17]
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