Abstract
The amount of body fat and the energy balance are important factors that influence the timing of puberty and the normal reproductive function. Leptin is a key hormone that conveys to the central nervous system information about the individual energy reserve and modulates the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. Recent findings suggest that the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) mediates the effects of leptin as a permissive factor for the onset of puberty and the coordinated secretion of luteinizing hormone during conditions of negative energy balance. In this review, we will summarize the existing literature about the potential role played by PMV neurons in the regulation of the HPG axis.
Highlights
The ventral premammillary nucleus links metabolic cues and reproductionDivision of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
It has long been known that nutritional status is a critical factor in determining the timing of the onset of puberty (Kennedy, 1969; Frisch and McArthur, 1974)
CONCLUDING REMARKS Overall, this review highlights a series of recent data demonstrating that PMV neurons are apt to mediate the effects of leptin on gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
Summary
Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. The amount of body fat and the energy balance are important factors that influence the timing of puberty and the normal reproductive function. Leptin is a key hormone that conveys to the central nervous system information about the individual energy reserve and modulates the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. Recent findings suggest that the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) mediates the effects of leptin as a permissive factor for the onset of puberty and the coordinated secretion of luteinizing hormone during conditions of negative energy balance. We will summarize the existing literature about the potential role played by PMV neurons in the regulation of the HPG axis
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