Abstract
In this study, two-step methods for measuring the velocity ultrasound underwater at various temperatures are described. Two narrowband ultrasonic transducers are used in the first phase, along with accompanying electronics, to generate an oscillating sensor whose frequency is proportional to the temperature being measured. This inexpensive sensor showed a sensitivity of roughly 50 Hz/K at a frequency of about 30 kHz and a distance of 190 mm. The second step used pulse-echo mode with a 5 MHz center frequency. There was a gap in the reflectors that were filled with underwater. The temperature of the solution was associated with the ultrasonic propagation delay in the gap. The tests were carried out underwater with concentrations as high as 2 M. We noticed ultrasonic velocity increases at different temperature levels in the experiments (executed in the range of temperature of 32°F to 212°F).
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