The velocity description of deformation. paper 2: sediment geometries associated with fault-bend and fault-propagation folds

Abstract

A general tectono-sedimentary forward modelling equation is used to derive two-dimensional numerical models of sediment geometries associated with developing fault-bend and fault-propagation folds. These styles of folding are described in terms of velocity models of deformation and are linked with syn-tectonic erosion, transport and sedimentation. The resultant two-dimensional numerical models simulate pre-growth and growth strata in both submarine and subaerial settings. The geometries and relationships produced by the models are broadly similar to those seen in natural examples. However, complex stratal geometries may be generated which are significantly different to those produced by previous models. Growth strata associated with fault-bend and fault-propagation folds are also compared and the distinguishing features of each mode of folding discussed. The forward models presented in this paper have predictive capabilities in terms of possible sediment geometries associated with fault-bend and fault-propagation folds and also in terms of the amount of deformation or erosion that a part of a structure may have undergone.