Abstract
As porous materials, nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) composite scaffolds with both desirable bioactivity and good mechanical properties showed great potential to reconstruct the bone defect. Moreover, the pore size and porosity played a key role in the scaffold architecture and cell or bone ingrowth. To investigate the cytocompatibility of different pore size and porosity of n-HA/PA66 composite scaffolds on differentiation and cytocompatibility of osteogenically induced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone conduction in repairing the calvarial critical size defect of Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo, we evaluated three kinds of n-HA/PA66 composite scaffolds according to the pore size and porosity in this study (group A: mean pore size was 214 ± 107.3 μm, and more than 70% were arranged in 100–300 μm; group B: material mean pore size was 375 ± 132.2 μm, and about 60% were distributed in 300–500 μm; group C: mean pore size was 533 ± 169.4 μm, and more than 60% were in 400–700 μm). Osteogenically induced BMSCs were seeded in the three types of n-HA/PA66 material and cultured in vitro, and the variability on cell adhesion, growth, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen type I (COL I) immunohistochemical staining, as well as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis on the osteogenesis-related gene expression (alkaline phosphatase, COL I), was done. Three group matrices/BMSC composites were implanted into the cranial defect of Sprague-Dawley rats. The differentiations of osteogenesis in vivo were then evaluated by histological and qRT-PCR analysis on mRNA levels of OPG and RANKL after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the group B n-HA/PA66 scaffold was more suitable for osteogenically induced BMSC proliferation, differentiation in vitro, and bone conduction in vivo than groups A and C, indicating that the porous n-HA/PA66 matrices with a mean pore size of 375 ± 132.2 μm and porosity 77 ± 2.9% have better cell biocompatibility and bone conduction.
Highlights
Criteria that must be considered in the design of biomaterials include sufficient strength, biocompatibility, appropriate porosity, adequate surface finish guarantee, and serializability (Hulbert et al, 1970; Xi et al, 2020; Yao et al, 2020; Duan et al, 2021)
The accurate pore size and porous volume still remain unknown, the consensus is that the pore size, porosity, and interconnectivity of scaffolds are crucial for cell and bone ingrowth (Hulbert et al, 1970; Gauthier et al, 1998; Lu et al, 1999)
This study investigated the biocompatibility of three different pore sizes and porosity of n-HA/PA66 composite scaffolds on differentiations and biocompatibility of osteogenically induced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and in vivo osteogenesis in repairing the calvarial critical size defect of Sprague-Dawley rats
Summary
Criteria that must be considered in the design of biomaterials include sufficient strength, biocompatibility, appropriate porosity, adequate surface finish guarantee, and serializability (Hulbert et al, 1970; Xi et al, 2020; Yao et al, 2020; Duan et al, 2021). Among these requirements, sufficient strength means the materials have the ability of sufficient modulus of elasticity and a critical stress intensity factor to cope with the patient’s increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture (Li et al, 2021). The accurate pore size and porous volume still remain unknown, the consensus is that the pore size, porosity, and interconnectivity of scaffolds are crucial for cell and bone ingrowth (Hulbert et al, 1970; Gauthier et al, 1998; Lu et al, 1999)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
