Abstract
This study presents the variability of some biochemical indicators in the winter wheat assortments tested in south-western Oltenia (Romania) and identification of the sources showing a high antioxidant activity. The peroxidase activity has intensified as the stress induced by treatment with PEG of different concentrations and in different doses increased. Regarding the peroxidase content, among the varieties treated with PEG 10,000 25%, the majority of the Romanian varieties tested showed higher values of the PEG/control treatment ratio, which suggests tolerance to drought. In reverse, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase is lower in tolerant varieties. The varieties with a subunit report have been noted. Among them are the Izvor variety, known as the drought-tolerant variety, as well as other Romanian varieties: Alex, Delabrad, Lovrin 34, etc. An increased activity of catalase was present in most varieties, so there is the possibility of drought tolerance. Among the varieties highlighted are Romanian varieties (Dropia, Trivale, Nikifor, etc.) but also foreign varieties (Kristina, GH Hattyu, Karlygash, etc.). However, the correlation between yield index in the limited assortment and the antioxidant enzyme content ratios between PEG and control treatments does not exist, suggesting that none of these biochemical indicators are a selective indicator for drought tolerance under the experimental condition.
Highlights
Wheat is a cheap source of essential amino acids, good quality minerals, vitamins, and vital dietary fibres to the human diet [1]
Among the varieties treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 10,000 25%, most of the Romanian varieties tested, components of the limited assortment, Gruia, Izvor, Lovrin 34, Boema, Delabrad, Glosa, Alex, Miranda, and Faur, presented super unitary values of the ratio between PEG/control treatment, which suggests drought tolerance
Among the varieties treated with PEG 10,000 25%, most of the Romanian varieties tested presented super unit values of the PEG/control ratio, suggesting tolerance to drought
Summary
Wheat is a cheap source of essential amino acids (which are not synthesized in the body), good quality minerals, vitamins, and vital dietary fibres to the human diet [1]. It is considered a natural source of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [2]. Drought tolerance is a complex trait that refers to the degree to which a plant is adapted to arid or drought conditions that lead to different morphological and physiological changes. Adaptation processes to drought stress conditions involve the genetics at different molecular, physiological, biochemical, and biological levels and processes [4,5]. ROS are byproducts of numerous enzymatic reactions in various cell compartments [10]
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