The value of waist circumference as a preditor of cardiovascular risk in adult patients with classic phenylketonuria

Abstract

Background and aimsWe aimed to evaluate the differences in some cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors between adult patients without and with phenylketonuria (PKU) and to explore the correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) with the previous variables. MethodsThis was an observational case–control study that included patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of classic PKU. The controls were age- and sex-matched individuals. We collected demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory variables, including WC, BMI, and lipid profile parameters. ResultsA total of 72 patients (25 controls and 47 cases) were included with a mean age of 36 years, of which 45 (62%) were women. Adult PKU patients showed lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and higher triglyceride (TG) levels than the control group. We found an association between WC and uric acid (B=0.024, P=0.013, 95%CI: 0.005–0.043), TG (B=0.768, P=0.024, 95%CI: 0.107–1.428), and HDL-c (B=−0.254, P=0.026, 95%CI: −0.477 to (−0.032)) levels in PKU patients. However, we did not find any trend between WC and uric acid, TG and HDL-c levels that reached statistical significance (P<0.05) in patients without PKU. ConclusionsWaist circumference rather than BMI may better represent the CVR in patients with PKU.