The value of various etiopathogens in the development of infectious complications after cardiac surgery with sternal access

Abstract

The literature data on the role of various microorganisms in the etiology of infectious and inflammatory complications in poststernotomic cardiac surgery are discussed. Their pathogens can be a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, representatives of various taxa. Gram-positive bacteria dominate, in particular bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. S. aureus and S. epidermidis cause up to 60–70 % of all infectious and inflammatory complications, and S. aureus strains, as a rule, cause more severe clinical forms of the disease (sternomediastinitis). Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting group are the predominant gram-negative bacteria. Among non-fermenting bacteria, P. aeruginosa more often cause the development of sternomediastinitis. In recent years, antibiotic-resistant strains, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria producing betalactamases have increasingly become etiopathogens.