The Value of Ultrasonography in Predicting Invasive Mole

Abstract

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) during pregnancy includes an associated heterogeneous group of lesions that originates from abnormal proliferation of placenta. It includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Objectives: The aim of this study was to predict the risk of invasive mole in patients with a molar pregnancy in association with -hCG level after the evacuation of molar pregnancy. Methods: The current study was a prospective cross-sectional cohort research conducted as a diagnostic study on 110 patients with molar pregnancy referring to Department of Gynecology and Oncology of Vali-Asr, Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran between the years of 2015 and 2016. Patients with molar pregnancy, who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of hydatidiform mole by transvagi- nal ultrasonography, were examined in the study. The ability to perform ultrasonography before and after evacuation as well as the consent to participate in the study was among the inclusion criteria for patients. The patients were studied for invasive mole fol- lowed by two ultrasonography examinations, one 48 hours and the other 21 days after evacuation. -hCG levels were also measured in successive periods of one week to six months. The association of sonography findings 48 hours and 21 days after evacuation with post-evacuation -hCG levels was investigated using Chi-square test and multinomial regression. Results: In the current study conducted on 110 patients with hydatidiform mole, the results showed that 46 patients (41.8%) suered from invasive mole. In 23 patients (50%) with invasive mole, the results of both ultrasonography 48 hours and 21 days after evacuation were positive. There was a significant correlation between ultrasonography after evacuation (positive and negative results) and the progress of -hCG after evacuation in women with invasive mole (P = 0.001); this means that in 73% of women with invasive mole, the positive -hCG results corresponded with positive 21-day sonography after evacuation, and in 41% cases, ultrasound results on day 21 were reported positive before the results of -hCG. Conclusions: Positive results of sonography accompanied with positive results of -hCG have a high eciency in the diagnosis of 1. Background Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) includes a het- erogeneous group of related lesions resulted from abnor- mal proliferation of placenta. GTD may be either benign or malignant. Benign lesion includes complete and par- tial hydatidiform mole and its diagnosis is based on histo- logical findings. Malignant lesion includes invasive mole, placental site trophoblastic tumors, and choriocarcinoma. Trophoblastic disease during pregnancy has the potential for local invasion and distant metastasis. This group of ma- lignant lesions is called gestational trophoblastic neopla- sia (GTN), which is a rare complication of pregnancy. GTN, occurs after normal delivery, spontaneous abortion or ec- topic pregnancy. The risk of its occurrence increases by 2,000 times after the occurrence of hydatidiform mole (1-