Abstract
ALTHOUGH the kidneys are situated below the diaphragm, they lie to a large extent within the thorax, sheltered by the lower ribs. Chiefly because the unyielding bony thoracic cage frequently bars the way to a free and satisfactory surgical exposure of the upper portion of the kidneys when they are enlarged, the lumbar extraperitoneal incision commonly used for renal surgery, with or without removal of the twelfth rib, and also the transperitoneal approach often leave a great deal to be desired in the way of exposure when one is dealing with large tumors of the kidney. While searching for an . . .
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