The value of preservation of subvalvular structures in patients with mitral and aortic valve replacement surgery and its effect on left ventricular contractility

Abstract

Objective: To discuss the clinical value of preserving subvalvular structure in mitral and aortic valve replacement surgery and its effect on left ventricular contractility. Methods: A total of 97 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement surgery in the Adult Cardiac Surgery of Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital from June 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects, of whom 45 cases were preserved subvalvular structure and 52 cases were in the total resection group (intraoperative total resection of the mitral valve and subvalvular chordae tendineae). General cardiac function indexes and left ventricular function quantitative indexes were compared before and in 3 months and 6 months after the operation of the two groups; The changes of the overall longitudinal strain of the long axis of the apex and the overall circumferential strain of the short axis of the left ventricle determined by the two-dimensional speckle tracking technology were compared before and after the operation. Results: The ages of the patients in the preservation group and the total resection group were (41.8±11.3) and (43.3±10.6) years old, respectively, and the male proportions were 58.0% (26 cases) and 44.0% (23 cases), respectively, with no significant difference (all P>0.05). The aortic occlusion time and cardiopulmonary bypass time of the patients in the preservation group were (57.8±4.5) and (78.6±6.7) min, respectively, which were longer than those in the total resection group [(48.1±4.4) and (48.1±4.4) min, respectively] (all P<0.05). The left atrial pressure of the patients in the preservation group at shutdown was (8.4±1.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which was lower than that of the total resection group (11.3±2.5) mmHg (P<0.001). There were interaction effects between groups and time in regards to the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ( LVEDD ), left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and Tei index, as well as the strain rate of mitral annulus and left ventricular wall of interventricular septum of the preservation group and the total resection group (all P<0.05). LVEDD and LVEF of patients in the preservation group at 3rd month after operation were (44.7±4.0) mm and (45.5±4.2) mm, and at 6th months were (56.5±4.9)% and (58.8±5.0)%, respectively, all larger than (42.7±3.6) mm and (42.7±3.6) mm, (54.5±4.6)% and (56.3±4.8)% of the total resection group. The measured value of LVESD in the preservation group at 3rd month after surgery was (32.6±3.2) mm, which was greater than that in the total resection group (31.2±3.4) mm (P<0.05). The Tei index of patients in the preservation group at 3rd and 6th months after surgery were 1.0±0.2 and 0.8±0.2, respectively, which were lower than those in the total resection group 1.2±0.3 and 0.9±0.2 (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Preserving the subvalvular structure during mitral valve replacement surgery can better improve the patient's left ventricular function and left ventricular systolic capacity.