The value of precipitation intensity factor (R-factor) in determining soil loss (based on the example of the Akkanburlyk river basin)

Abstract

Currently, it is important to calculate the soil flushing, optimize it and organize preventive measures. Soil leaching is one of the most intense trends, which has a significant negative impact on land resources and the national economy. Soil erosion is divided into two parts depending on the main formation: wind erosion and water erosion. One of the main factors influencing the formation of water erosion is intense and abundant precipitation. Calculation of precipitation intensity (coefficient R) using the interpolation method in the presented work. GIS technologies were used for this purpose and, accordingly, algorithms were considered. The Akkanbulik River basin is 131 km long from east to west and 99 km wide from north to south. There are low mountains to the east of the basin, and to the west, due to its location on the plain, precipitation decreases as you move from east to West. As a result, the average value in the eastern region is 639 mm, and in the western region -572 mm. Fine-grained soils are more prone to soil erosion, for example, in areas with high rainfall and winds. Intensive erosion processes lead to a decrease in soil fertility, deterioration of the quality of sown seeds and pastures. All this causes huge damage to agriculture. This article is devoted to this issue and uses the interpolation method in GIS technology to determine the intensity of precipitation (factor R). The results of the study showed that in the agricultural lands of the Akkanburlyk river basin, the maximum R-factor values corresponded to the eastern part of the basin 280-290, and the minimum values corresponded to the western part of the basin in the range of values 253-260.