Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop severe respiratory failure within a short period during the clinical course. It is essential to predict respiratory deterioration in the short term. We investigated the use of inflammatory markers to predict respiratory distress within three days from their analysis in COVID-19 patients. This retrospective observational study included 81 patients admitted with COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether the maximum fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) for three days from the blood marker measurements was ≥0.4 (high FiO2 group; HFG) or <0.4 (low FiO2 group; LFG). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), white blood cell, D-dimer, and creatinine levels were compared between the two groups. The levels of all markers were significantly higher in HFG patients. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of IL-6, CRP, and LDH had high values of 0.85, 0.82, and 0.81, respectively. The odds ratio of IL-6 which was crude and adjusted for dexamethasone administration initiated before laboratory measurement, showed the high value of 29.1 (5.6–295.6) and 53.9 (4.5–3242.8), respectively. IL-6 can be used as a reliable marker for predicting respiratory illness within three days after assessment.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and WHO declared it a pandemic in January 2020 [1]
The laboratory values measured after admission included interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, white blood cell (WBC), and creatinine (Cr) levels
Our data showed that IL-6, CRP, LDH, WBC, and D-dimer levels were associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection within three days, which were significantly elevated in HFG compared with that in LFG
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and WHO declared it a pandemic in January 2020 [1]. This pandemic represents a global crisis for public health. Some studies have demonstrated that several blood markers could predict respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients [2,3]. It is of high priority to identify reliable blood markers which could predict respiratory illness in the short term in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of laboratory markers for respiratory failure within the short term in COVID-19 patients
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