Abstract
Nature safeguards living organisms and the ecosystem functions and services delivered by them. Animal pollination is an important Ecosystem Service since it plays a key role for achieving the sustainable development goals by safeguarding worldwide food production. Thus, conservation of pollination services is a major priority for guaranteeing global food security in the long term. Here we evaluate the crop pollination services in Pará state (Eastern Amazon, Brazil) focusing on two questions: (1) What is the economic value of crop production and pollination service in Pará? (2) Which municipalities are most dependent on pollination services considering local economies? We found 36 crops produced in the state; 20 (55%) crops are dependent on animal pollinators. In 2016, crop production value (CPV) for Pará state was US$ 2.95 billion and total pollination service value (PSV) was US$ 983.2 million, corresponding to 33% of CPV in Pará. Highest PSV value crops were açaí palm (US$635.6 million), cocoa (US$187.6 million), soybean (US$98.4 million), and watermelon (US$26.1 million), accounting for 96% of Pará’s PSV. Two municipalities (Medicilândia and Igarapé Miri) presented more than 50% of their GDP based on pollination services. In general, we found low crop diversity in the municipalities of Pará, suggesting an economic rural vulnerability for the state, mainly supported by the high productions of soy and açaí. Pollinator conservation and ecological intensified farming practices are urgent for supporting sustainable development for the state.
Highlights
Nature safeguards living organisms and the ecosystem functions and services delivered by them; the ongoing anthropogenic-induced global changes resulted in an unprecedented decline in biodiversity and its contributions to people (Diaz et al 2019)
We focus on answering two questions: (1) What is the economic value of crop production and pollination service in Pará? (2) Which municipalities are most dependent on pollination services considering their local economies? We aim to highlight regions and municipalities in the state where crop production and pollination services play a main role in the local economy and where public policies on pollination conservation are more urgent to safeguard socioeconomic development and food security
We found 36 crops produced in Pará state (Table 1)
Summary
Nature safeguards living organisms and the ecosystem functions and services delivered by them; the ongoing anthropogenic-induced global changes resulted in an unprecedented decline in biodiversity and its contributions to people (Diaz et al 2019). In 2015, the United Nations (UN) (with global support) raised the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aiming to address the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services to both current and future generations (UN 2015). A robust theoretical foundation has been converted to develop best practices aiming to transcend conventional farming into ecological intensified farming (i.e., replacement of anthropogenic inputs by enhancing Ecosystem Services provision) (Bommarco et al 2013, Bommarco et al 2018, Garibaldi et al 2014, Kleijn et al 2019) as a means to ensure biodiversity conservation and food security in sustainable environments. Over the last 20 years, several ES-based conservation strategies, policies, and programs have been raised to assist sustainable development goals in a changing world (Wood et al 2018)
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